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Stochastic Models
Random Walk
Random Walk labSymmetric Random WalkRescaled Random WalkStandard deviationCentral Limit Theorem
Brownian Motion
Brownian labDefining the Wiener processIncrement explorerJoint distributions and covarianceBrownian transformations and invarianceQuadratic variationBrownian bridgeRunning maximum and minimumReflection principleFirst passage timesHitting probabilities
Geometric Brownian Motion
LabDefinition: ABM vs GBMEuler–MaruyamaMean reversionJumpsCorrelated motions
Itô Process
LabItô integralItô's lemmaMartingalesGirsanov
Monte Carlo
LabVariance reductionFeynman–Kac
Connected Guides
  • Random walks and Brownian motion
  • Itô's lemma
  • Filtrations, adapted processes and stopping times
  • Conditional expectation and martingales
  • Properties of Brownian motion
  • The reflection principle and first passage times
  • The Brownian bridge
  • The Itô integral

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Defining the Wiener process

Which properties turn a random process into Brownian motion?

Goal: see each of the four defining properties in an experiment — and understand why paths are continuous yet nowhere differentiable.

Simulation controls

×1
014
Vertical axis
7
19999

Measurements

Window ε
1.00
sd W(ε) = √ε
1.00

Try this

  1. Zoom in with the fixed axis: where does the cloud go as ε → 0?
  2. Switch to the scaled axis and keep zooming: why does the picture not change?
Zooming in on t = 0
window [0, 1.00] · sd W(ε) = √ε = 1.00

On a fixed axis the cloud shrinks into zero: W₀ = 0 and the path starts without a jump. On the scaled axis it looks the same at every zoom — that is Brownian scaling.